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Reflections of a Griot: Germane Barnes in search of Architecture at The Laboratory of the Future
Germane Barnes discusses his installation Griot and the search for ‘proper’ Architecture at the Venice Biennale.

In contrast to the affirmation and expansive consideration of spatial praxis at this year’s exhibition of architecture, some visitors to the Venice Biennale were troubled by the perceived dearth of recognisable building design; that is to say, the ‘proper’ work of architecture. For Black American architect Germane Barnes, whose installation Griot forms part of the exhibition entitled ‘Dangerous Liaisons’, such a question openly professes the inability to see or recognise that which would not fit inside such a troubled parameter.

This essay is part of KoozArch's focus dedicated to Biennale Architettura 2023 - 18th International Architecture Exhibition The Laboratory of the Future, curated by Lesley Lokko and organised by La Biennale di Venezia. The International Exhibition is open in Venice from May 20 to November 26.


“Where is the Architecture?”

This was my favourite question, as a participant in the 2023 Venice Biennale of Architecture. Purported experts in the field have clamoured that there was a distinct absence of “architecture”. This year's edition, under the theme Laboratory of the Future, brought together the most diverse array of architects, designers, and thinkers in the history of the event. To ask ‘where is the architecture?’, in my opinion, reveals a core problem within current discourse; a sense that a more comprehensive lineage or set of contributors have not been included in the telling of architecture’s history. Instead, many people rely on entrenched tropes of master builders and Eurocentric perspectives, seemingly afraid to expand their understanding of spatial design to allow room for new authors, new provocateurs, new agitators. That flippant question aside, to be included in such a groundbreaking event, surrounded by brilliant thinkers and practitioners was humbling.

Many people rely on entrenched tropes of master builders and Eurocentric perspectives, seemingly afraid to expand their understanding of spatial design to allow room for new authors, new provocateurs, new agitators.

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There was a sense of solidarity in seeing so many Black bodies represented from across the globe at this iteration of the foremost platform for architectural innovation, discourse, and exploration. While physical models, speculative buildings and details were certainly present throughout the show, African architects did more than just present structures — they told stories. These architects wove narratives of and from their communities, histories, and aspirations into their designs. The fusion of storytelling with architectural design created a powerful synergy that engaged visitors on an emotional and intellectual level. It reminded us all that architecture is not just about buildings; it is about people and their lived experiences.

While physical models, speculative buildings and details were certainly present throughout the show, African architects did more than just present structures — they told stories.

My contribution to this approach was Griot — which literally translates to “storyteller” in West African vocabulary. Using the title Dangerous Liaisons — given to a certain part of the overall exhibition — as the point of departure, Griot is positioned between the axes of text and word. Text refers to the timeline, architectural elevations, and mask-artefacts that express Columnar Dis-order. Digitally drawn on recycled Roman paper and collaged through analog processes, each visualisation illuminates historical narratives collapsing architecture, archaeology, and anthropological disciplines. The paper, gathered during my stay in Italy, is typically used as craft paper in restaurants, to be soiled and discarded at the conclusion of one’s meal. It felt appropriate to utilise this material for the speculative drawings as they reinforce tangible place, intention and materiality. Migration, Labour, and Identity are the triumvirate dis-orders — rivaling Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders — that do not obey traditional columnar design rules. Three mask artefacts, each situated atop a cylindrical marble plinth, aid and correspond to each Dis-order.

Using the title Dangerous Liaisons — given to a certain part of the overall exhibition — as the point of departure, Griot is positioned between the axes of text and word.

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The Identity column, sculpted from a single block of Spanish Marquina marble, through digital and hand procedures, is a full-scale representation of diasporic lineage, culture, and materiality. The granular textures of the exterior reference the history of wooden columns found in historic Africa. Cornrows, dreadlocks, and other hairstyles of African cultural origin are physically translated into its form. The precedence of this connection with physical beautification dates back to early conceptual frameworks of Western columnar design, as identified by Vitruvius. If the original three Greek columns were inspired and created by the form of a woman — who was almost certainly not Black — what could a new column look like if they were?

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The Migration column reveals the movement of bodies across water to enslavement. The forced voyage of people from their homeland to various regions around the world are presented in the form of a single ripple that reverberates and creates the column form. The corresponding artefact — a pair of futuristic sea goggles — reinforce the need for a critical examination of shipping and receiving, an underlying issue of carbon-neutrality found at the Biennale.

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The Labour column is emblematic of many historical and recent tragedies that have engulfed the Diaspora. Part Covid-19 mask, part slave-auction mask, this pairing of column and artefact portrays the dark history of workforce, economy, and the landscape. Telling these stories through the use of architectural techniques, in my opinion, is more powerful and resonant than in the simple design of buildings.

In keeping with the analogy of text vs. word, ‘word’ refers to the collages depicting the Identity column within the Pantheon. Positioned across from the array of traditional architectural drawings and models, these collages forced conversation between historical structures and these new columns. Drawn on the same recycled paper gathered in Italy, the Pantheon is represented as the historical setting of analysis. By placing the Identity column or dis-order within the famed interior of the Pantheon, one may question which structure predates the other. Are the master builders depicted within the drawing learning from Identity — or is Identity being hidden within the iconic structure? This troubled reading of history dissolves traditional narratives of historiography.

Positioned across from the array of traditional architectural drawings and models, the collages forced conversation between historical structures and these new columns.

The tension created by this speculative and alternative past culminated in the Education Laboratory drawing of Howard University. A Black American institution based in Washington D.C., Howard continues to be one of the leading intellectual colleges preserving Black American history. In this iteration, the building is adorned with Identity columns on its front elevation — as opposed to its actual Corinthian columns — blurring the line between past and future.

The classical architecture of North Africa, often overshadowed by its Mediterranean neighbours, emerges as a hidden gem within the annals of architectural history. The architectural legacy of this region, spanning from ancient times to the present, showcases a rich and multifaceted tradition that has significantly influenced the broader classical canon. Opus Sectile and Opus Africanuum are but two examples of the contributions of the region to methodologies we still see deployed today. We should celebrate these innovative solutions.

"The Funambulist" (right) and "Griot" (center), 18th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia, 2023. Photo: Claudia Rossini.

While Griot attempts to tell stories, I was joined in Arsenale by The Funambulist, another storyteller. The conversation between politics, bodies, and space, as typically found in Funambulist articles, mirror those that I attempt to foster on a regular basis through design. Through the pages of the magazine, visitors are confronted with the stark realities of how architecture and urban planning can be wielded as tools of power, exclusion, and oppression. Gentrification, surveillance, the physical barriers that segregate communities and the disproportionate allocation of resources come into sharp focus. The magazine's narrative unveils the ways in which the built environment has historically reinforced societal inequalities and continues to do so today.

We are reminded that architecture is not static but a dynamic force that reflects and shapes the societies in which it exists.

What is the connection between the timeless beauty of North African design and the harsh realities of spatial injustice? Their juxtaposition in the Arsenale, as part of the Laboratory of the Future, compels us to examine the ways in which architecture influences not only aesthetics but also society, identity, and power dynamics. By placing these two narratives side by side, the formidable Lesley Lokko and her curatorial team have masterfully peeled back layers of complexity within the architectural realm. We are reminded that architecture is not static but a dynamic force that reflects and shapes the societies in which it exists. It raises crucial questions: How can an understanding of architectural heritage inform our efforts to create more equitable and inclusive spaces? How do the politics of space and bodies intersect with the timeless principles of classical architecture? Instead of asking where is the architecture, perhaps the question should be why has it taken so long?

Bio

Germane Barnes is the Principal of Studio Barnes, and Associate Professor and Director of the Master of Architecture Graduate Program at the University of Miami School of Architecture as well as the Director of the Community Housing & Identity Lab (CHIL). Barnes’ practice investigates the connection between architecture and identity, examining architecture’s social and political agency through historical research and design speculation. Believing strongly in design as a process, he approaches each condition imposed on a project as an opportunity for transformation. Born in Chicago, IL, Germane Barnes received a Bachelor's of Science in Architecture from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a Master of Architecture from Woodbury University.

Published
30 Oct 2023
Reading time
12 minutes
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